Finite-Element Modelling of the Response of the Gerbil Middle Ear to Sound

We present a finite-element model of the gerbil middle ear that, using a set of baseline parameters based primarily on a priori estimates from the literature, generates responses that are comparable with responses we measured in vivo using multi-point vibrometry and with those measured by other groups. We investigated the similarity of numerous features (umbo, pars-flaccida and pars-tensa displacement magnitudes, the resonance frequency and break-up frequency, etc.) in the experimental responses with corresponding ones in the model responses, as opposed to simply computing frequency-by-frequency differences between experimental and model responses. The umbo response of the model is within the range of variability seen in the experimental data in terms of the low-frequency (i.e., well below the middle-ear resonance) magnitude and phase, the main resonance frequency and magnitude, and the roll-off slope and irregularities in the response above the resonance frequency, but is somewhat high for frequencies above the resonance frequency. At low frequencies, the ossicular axis of rotation of the model appears to correspond to the anatomical axis but the behaviour is more complex at high frequencies (i.e., above the pars-tensa break-up). The behaviour of the pars tensa in the model is similar to what is observed experimentally in terms of magnitudes, phases, the break-up frequency of the spatial vibration pattern, and the bandwidths of the high-frequency response features. A sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters that have the strongest effects on the model results are the Young’s modulus, thickness and density of the pars tensa; the Young’s modulus of the stapedial annular ligament; and the Young’s modulus and density of the malleus. Displacements of the tympanic membrane and manubrium and the low-frequency displacement of the stapes did not show large changes when the material properties of the incus, stapes, incudomallear joint, incudostapedial joint, and posterior incudal ligament were changed by ±10 % from their values in the baseline parameter set.     

Metastatic Epithelioid Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Yet Another Tumor with Anemone Cell Features

Since 1980 when Sibley and coworkers first described a nodal neoplasm of unknown histogenesis with striking surface microvilli for which they introduced the term "anemone cell," a series of reports have appeared in the literature illustrating tumors with similar ultrastructural features. While most reported cases showed differentiation along a particular line, rare cases remained histogenetically unclear. In this report a case is described of epithelioid gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor metastatic to the liver, showing conspicuous long microvillus-type cell processes partially or circumferentially coating the cell surfaces, thus qualifying as yet another tumor type with anemone cell features.     

Chemical constituents from rhizome of Anemone amurensis

Phytochemical investigation of the 70% EtOH extract of the rhizome of Anemone amurensis led to the isolation of two new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins 1 and 2. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR data, and HR–ESI–MS. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for cytotoxicities against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and Hep-G2). Compound 2 showed potent cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values of 38.53 and 66.17 μM, respectively, while compound 1 with IC_50?>?100 μM.     

基于GMPGIS的地乌全球产地生态适宜性分析

目的：本研究在药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统（GMPGIS）的支持下,对鹅掌草全球生态适宜性进行了分析。方法：以地乌药材原植物鹅掌草道地产区、主产区和野生分布区的195个分布数据为基点,选取年均温、年均相对湿度、年均降水量、年均日照、土壤类型等7个生态指标作为主要影响因子。结果：鹅掌草全球生态相似度最大的区域主要分布在美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、中国、澳大利亚、哈萨克斯坦、墨西哥、阿根廷、伊朗、巴西、土耳其、乌克兰、南非等国。其中,鹅掌草在中国的生态适宜性地区主要包括陕西、贵州、甘肃、四川、湖北、重庆、浙江、云南、江苏、湖南等省区。结论：本研究表明了GMPGIS系统用于药用植物产地生态适宜性分析的科学性和重要性,并为地乌药材的引种以及合理规划生产布局提供了参考依据。     

安徽银莲花化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

从安徽银莲花的根茎中提取、分离出9个化合物,经化学方法和光谱分析,鉴定了4个化合物,化合物Ⅰ为齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid),化合物Ⅱ为胡萝卜甙(daucosterol),化合物Ⅲ为齐墩果酸-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖甙,化合物Ⅳ为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖甙。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Review of Anemone Raddeana Rhizome and Its Pharmacological Effects

The chemical compositions of Anemone raddeana Rhizome, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, were reviewed, along with its bioactivity and pharmacological properties and method improvements of extracting and detecting triterpenoid saponins. A. raddeana Rhizome is used to treat neuralgia and rheumatism, and is rich in triterpenoid saponins, most of which are pentacyclic, with oleanane as the nucleus. So far, 37 triterpenoid saponins have been determined from the herb. Its reported bioactivity and pharmacological properties have been described as anticancerous, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anticonvulsive, antihistaminic, and sedative. It has also been used for the induction of the humoral immune response and treatment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis. However, the herb also has hemolytic effects and can be toxic, which limits its clinical application. Further studies are needed on the pharmaceutical functions, mechanisms, and immunological responses to contribute to the herb's clinical applications.     

地乌三萜皂苷W1对破骨细胞分化和骨吸收功能的影响

目的探讨地乌三萜皂苷类成分W1对体外破骨细胞分化及骨吸收功能的影响。方法3个不同浓度（0．0625,0．125,0．25μg／ml）的W1与核因子-κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand,RANKL）诱导的小鼠单核／巨噬细胞RAW264．7共孵育7天,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP）染色观察TRAP阳性多核细胞的形成,甲苯胺蓝染色及扫描电镜观察骨吸收陷窝的形成,图像分析计算骨吸收陷窝面积百分比;同3个浓度的W1与RANKL诱导的RAW264．7细胞共孵育24小时后收集细胞上清液,放射免疫法检测肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）的含量;甲基噻唑基四唑（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）法检测W1对RAW264．7细胞毒性影响。结果RANKL组诱导RAW264．7细胞形成多量TRAP阳性多核细胞,形成明显的骨吸收陷窝,并诱导TNF-α在RAW264．7细胞上清中异常高表达;与RANKL组相比,3个浓度的W1均能显著减少TRAP阳性细胞数（P〈0．01）,显著减少骨吸收陷窝面积（P〈0．01,P〈0．001,P〈0．001）,明显降低TNF-α的表达量（P〈0．05,P〈0．01,P〈0．01）,且未观察到对RAW264．7的细胞毒性。结论W1对由RANKL诱导的体外破骨细胞分化和骨吸收功能有一定的负调节作用。     

蜈蚣三七的化学成分及免疫抑制活性

目的:研究毛茛科银莲花属植物林荫银莲花(Anemone flaccida Fr.schmjdt)的根茎蜈蚣三七的化学成分.方法:利用硅胶柱和C18色谱柱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.MTT法评价各化合物的免疫抑制活性.结果:分离并鉴定了5个化合物:S1-Go-2(I),hemsgiganosides B(II),anhuienosides E(III),hederasaponin B(IV)和flaccidoside II(V).化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V对体外淋巴细胞增殖有抑制作用.结论:化合物I,Ⅱ,Ⅳ为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ为首次从林荫银莲花中分离得到.化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V具备免疫抑制活性.     

九节菖蒲的化学成分

目的：研究九节菖蒲的化学成分。方法：对九节菖蒲乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部分进行色谱分离，根据光谱数据和理化性质确定各化合物的结构。结果：分离并鉴定了7个化合物，分别为；三十烷（1），棕榈酸（2），β-谷甾醇（3），异阿魏酸（4），鸡脚刺醛（5），5-羟基乙酰丙酸（6），胡萝卜苷（7）。结论：化合物4和5为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

HPLC法对不同产地两头尖中皂苷D的定量分析

　　Using raddeanoside D, the main active constituent of Anemone raddeana Regel, as the quality control criteria, 10 samples of the herbal drug collected from different localities of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Shandong provinces were analysed by HPLC. Results showed that the average raddeanoside D contents were 0.355 0%, 0.321 3%, 0.280 7% and 0.219 6% respectively. This method was proved to be quick, simple and reproducible, and provided a reliable basis for the quality control and evaluation of A.raddeana.